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http之请求参数

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测试代码

server代码(python)

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web


class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def get(self):
        print("method: ", self.request.method)
        print("Content-Type: ", self.request.headers.get("Content-Type", "No-Content-Type"))
        print("uri: ", self.request.uri)
        print("path: ", self.request.path)
        print("argument: ", self.request.arguments)
        print("body: ", self.request.body)

    def post(self):
        print("method: ", self.request.method)
        print("Content-Type: ", self.request.headers.get("Content-Type", "No-Content-Type"))
        print("uri: ", self.request.uri)
        print("path: ", self.request.path)
        print("argument: ", self.request.arguments)
        print("body: ", self.request.body)

    def head(self):
        """
        主要测试file
        :return:
        """
        print("method: ", self.request.method)
        print("Content-Type: ", self.request.headers.get("Content-Type", "No-Content-Type"))
        print("uri: ", self.request.uri)
        print("path: ", self.request.path)
        print("argument: ", self.request.arguments)
        print("body: ", self.request.body)
        print("body str: ")
        print(self.request.body.decode())

        print('-' * 20)
        print("file:")
        for _, l in self.request.files.items():
            print('-' * 10)
            for f in l:
                content = f.body
                filename = str(f.filename)
                print("filename: ", filename)
                print("content: ", content)


application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/main", MainHandler),
])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(5001)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

server代码(golang)

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	router.GET("/main", func(c *gin.Context) {
		var err error
		if err = c.Request.ParseForm(); err != nil {
			fmt.Printf("c.Request.ParseForm failed, %+v \n", err)
		}

		var body []byte
		if body, err = ioutil.ReadAll(c.Request.Body); err != nil {
			fmt.Printf("ioutil.ReadAll, %+v \n", err)
		}

		fmt.Println("method: ", c.Request.Method)
		fmt.Println("Content-Type: ", c.Request.Header["Content-Type"])
		fmt.Println("url:", c.Request.URL)
		fmt.Println("form:", c.Request.Form)
		fmt.Println("body:", body)
		fmt.Println("bodyString: ", string(body))

		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
	})

	router.Run("0.0.0.0:5001")
}

test代码(python3)

以下执行结果中的No-Content-Type均表示请求方没有指定Content-Type

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import unittest

import requests


class TestHandler(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_post(self):
        #  你会发现和GET毫无区别
        pass

    def test_delete(self):
        pass

    def test_v1(self):
        res = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:5001/main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22", params={"name": "你好"})
        print(res.content)

    def test_v2(self):
        res = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:5001/main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22", data={"name": "你好"})
        print(res.content)

    def test_v2_v1(self):
        data = "name=你好".encode()
        res = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:5001/main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22", data=data)
        print(res.content)

    def test_v3(self):
        res = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:5001/main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22", json={"name": "你好"})
        print(res.content)

    #  文件相关
    def test_v4(self):
        """
        Requests支持流式上传，这允许你发送大的数据流或文件而无需先把它们读入内存。要
        使用流式上传，仅需为你的请求体提供一个类文件对象即可。
        :return:
        """
        with open("a.txt", "rb") as fp:
            res = requests.head("http://127.0.0.1:5001/main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22", data=fp)
            print(res.content)

    def test_v5(self):
        with open("a.txt", "rb") as fp:
            files = {"file1": (fp.name, fp, "multipart/form-data")}

            res = requests.head("http://127.0.0.1:5001/main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22", files=files)
            print(res.content)

请求参数

按照python requests包来使用，各个test的执行结果如下

test_get_v1

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method:  GET
Content-Type:  No-Content-Type
uri:  /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22&name=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD
path:  /main
argument:  {'k2': [b'v2', b'v22'], 'name': [b'\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd'], 'k1': [b'v1']}
body:  b''
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method:  GET
Content-Type:  []
url: /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22&name=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD
form: map[k1:[v1] k2:[v2 v22] name:[你好]]
body: []

test_get_v2

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method:  GET
Content-Type:  application/x-www-form-urlencoded
uri:  /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22
path:  /main
argument:  {'name': [b'\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd'], 'k2': [b'v2', b'v22'], 'k1': [b'v1']}
body:  b'name=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD'
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method:  GET
Content-Type:  [application/x-www-form-urlencoded]
url: /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22
form: map[k1:[v1] k2:[v2 v22]]
body: [110 97 109 101 61 37 69 52 37 66 68 37 65 48 37 69 53 37 65 53 37 66 68]
bodyString:  name=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD

test_get_v2_v1

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method:  GET
Content-Type:  No-Content-Type
uri:  /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22
path:  /main
argument:  {'k2': [b'v2', b'v22'], 'k1': [b'v1']}
body:  b'name=\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd'
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method:  GET
Content-Type:  []
url: /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22
form: map[k1:[v1] k2:[v2 v22]]
body: [110 97 109 101 61 228 189 160 229 165 189]
bodyString:  name=你好

test_get_v3

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method:  GET
Content-Type:  application/json
uri:  /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22
path:  /main
argument:  {'k2': [b'v2', b'v22'], 'k1': [b'v1']}
body:  b'{"name": "\\u4f60\\u597d"}'
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method:  GET
Content-Type:  [application/json]
url: /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22
form: map[k1:[v1] k2:[v2 v22]]
body: [123 34 110 97 109 101 34 58 32 34 92 117 52 102 54 48 92 117 53 57 55 100 34 125]
bodyString:  {"name": "\u4f60\u597d"}

test_get_v4

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method:  GET
Content-Type:  multipart/form-data
uri:  /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22
path:  /main
argument:  {'k1': [b'v1'], 'k2': [b'v2', b'v22']}
body:  b'{"name": "\\u4f60\\u597d"}'
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method:  GET
Content-Type:  [multipart/form-data]
url: /main?k1=v1&k2=v2&k2=v22
form: map[k1:[v1] k2:[v2 v22]]
body: [123 34 110 97 109 101 34 58 32 34 92 117 52 102 54 48 92 117 53 57 55 100 34 125]
bodyString:  {"name": "\u4f60\u597d"}

结论

  • 在http协议中，并没有规定GET不能再使用Body传递参数！！！
  • 在http协议中，也没有规定GET请求的Content-Type，所以，Content-Type也可以是任意类型。
  • GET请求和POST请求在处理请求参数时，实际上没有任何差异。

揭秘

那么为什么很多人有GET请求只能在请求行参数中传递参数，而POST就可以在BODY中传递参数呢？这是因为大多数人都遵循网页中的form表单提交get，和post请求来了。在网页form表单中，把 form 的 method 设置为 post, 表单数据会放在 body 中，而 method 为 get(默认值) 时, 提交时浏览器会把表单中的字符拼接到 action 的 URL 后作为 query parameter 传送。于是乎就有了这么一种假像：HTTP GET 必须通过 URL 的查询参数来发送数据。

一个但是

但是，即使GET请求在http协议中并没有规定不能在body中携带参数，我们也应该这么做！！！这是因为get请求从http协议的设计初衷，就是为了获取网络资源，它的请求行uri和host就应该是它全部携带的payload，这在很多缓存系统，很多后端服务框架中都是默认的。一个GET请求，最好就不要携带一堆payload了。

rfc7231有如下的描述（链接）：

A payload within a GET request message has no defined semantics;
sending a payload body on a GET request might cause some existing implementations to reject the request.

参考

rfc7231：https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.1